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How to calculate bond order of a molecule?

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Bond order:         Bond order =1/2(number of electron in bonding molecular orbital-number of electron in antibonding molecular orbital)                        It is defined as the number of covalent bond in a molecule. To calculate bond order first you need to know about the number of electron in bonding and antibonding molecular orbital. Bonding molecular orbital are represented as sigma and antibonding molecular orbital are represented as sigma*. To know this,let's go to the molecular energy level diagram and calculate the difference between nb(electron in bonding molecular orbital) and na(electron in antibonding molecular orbital). Example:Bond order of Boron( B2 ) is 1. it has 4 electron in bonding molecular orbital and 2 electron in antibonding molecular orbital.so  Bond order:1/2(nb-na)                      = 1/2(4-2) ...
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Bond cleavage

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BOND CLEAVAGE:                             The breaking of bond is known as  Bond cleavage. Breaking of bond means some bond are broken and some bond are formed.                             Bond cleavage  is of  2  types. i)Homolytic bond cleavage,ii)Heterolytic bond cleavage. i) Homolytic bond cleavage:                               Homo  means equal. So Homolytic  means species get equal ammount of electron. suppose one species is A and another is B. Both bonded with covalent bond,then the covelent bond 2e- get equally distributed to each species( Ae-,Be-).Homolytic bonf cleavage leads to formation of free radical. Both get one e- by the breaking of covalent bond. OCCURANCE OF HOMOLYTIC BOND CLEAVAGE:   ...
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Notes of Atomic structure

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                                                Context:                           Atomic structure:         1)Bohr's theory and its limitation         2)Dual behaviour of matter          3)de-broglie relation         4)Heisenberg uncertainty principle         5)Hydrogen atom spectra         6)Quantum mechanics         7)Time independent schrodinger equation                  and meaning of each term         8)Significance of psi and square of psi         9)Schrodinger equation for hydrogen atom       10)significance of quantum number     ...
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structure,shape and reactivity of organic molecule:

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CONTENT: ______________________________________________ 1)structure,shape and Reactivity of organic molecule:content:-> )  a) Electrophiles b) nucleophiles _______________________________________________ 1) a) Electrophiles:                           The reagent  having an atom,deficient in electron, is known as electrophiles. Due to lack of electron afficient atom, electrophiles  find e- from other sources. ELECTROPHILES are of 2  types. TYPES: i) positive electrophiles:Electrophiles deficient in electron and carry +ve charge,is known as +ve electrophiles. EX:carbonium ion(R-CH2+), the +ve charge is because of carbon  has 4 electron in it's outermost shell.So carbon atom  can bond with 4 other atom to maintain it's stability.In ( R-CH2+)   carbon atom bonded with 3  other atom like R(Alkyl,Alkane,Alkene) and 2 H(Hydrogen)  atom.The carbon atom  has  3 ...
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ELECTRON DISPLACEMENT EFFECT

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CONTEXT:  Electron displacement mechanism,inductive effect(+I,-I),electromeric effect(+E,-E),resonance(Resonance hybrid),hyper conjugation(stability of carbocation,freeradical and alkene) There are  FOUR type of elctron displacement mechanism observer in organic chemistry. 1)Inductive effect( permanent effect ) 2)Electromeric effect( Temporary effect ) 3)Resonance effect(mesomeric effect)( Permanent effect ) 4)Hyperconjugation( Permanent effect ) (Source:pinterest app) 1) INDUCTIVE EFFECT :                         It is a permanent effect,in which electron pair in carbon chain are flow towards more electronegative(EN) group.It is denoted by I effect.Inductive effect is of 2 types on the basic of electronegativity(EN). First one is + I effect and another is - I effect. a) -I effect :                      When a group with greater electrone...
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